HIV predominantly infects cells within the immune system, specifically CD4+ T cells, also known as helper T cells. These cells play a crucial role in coordinating the immune response to various pathogens. The virus enters these cells by binding to specific receptors on their surface, ultimately leading to their depletion and a weakened immune system. Macrophages and dendritic cells, other components of the immune system, can also be infected, serving as reservoirs for the virus.
Understanding the specific cells targeted by HIV is fundamental to comprehending the progression of the disease and developing effective treatment strategies. This knowledge has paved the way for antiretroviral therapies (ART) that target various stages of the viral life cycle, significantly improving the lives of individuals living with HIV. Early identification of infection through testing and prompt initiation of ART are critical for preventing disease progression and transmission. Historically, the identification of these target cells was a pivotal breakthrough in HIV/AIDS research, shifting the trajectory of the pandemic and transforming it from a deadly disease to a manageable chronic condition.
